Among the greatest achievements of the Trump Administration is embracing aging in place and home care for seniors under Medicare. The federal bureaucracy has likewise, taken steps toward Aging in Place and home care for seniors, and these steps might be considered bold if one firmly believes that the first step in solving a problem is acknowledging its existence. The Center for Medicare Advocacy (CMA) recently released an issue brief on Medicare and Family Caregivers that makes acknowledgment of the problem, and suggested solutions easier.
The Brief "examines the role Medicare currently plays, and could play, in assisting beneficiaries and their family caregivers," covers Medicare law, the need for coverage, issues with receiving Medicare home health care services, problems with access to coverage, the limited number of aides, and more. The Brief also discusses Medicare Advantage and in-home services.
The Brief acknowledges that Medicare has a problem:
"As the population ages, and lives longer with chronic conditions, the need for family caregiving, and support for caregivers, is increasing. Concurrently, however, access to Medicare-covered home health aide care continues to decline. This is often true even for individuals who meet the Medicare law’s qualifying criteria. Unfortunately, Medicare beneficiaries are often given inaccurate information regarding Medicare home health coverage in general, and home health aides in particular. Sometimes they are told Medicare simply does not cover home health aides. Harmful misinformation abounds. Further compounding this problem, Medicare does not provide coverage for family caregivers. Coverage is only available for personal care through home health aides, provided through a Medicare-certified home health agency; the individual must have an authorized practitioner’s order, be homebound, and need nursing or physical or speech therapy (citations omitted, emphasis added)."
The Brief then outlines the daunting financial burdens facing Medicare recipients who desire to Age in Place or receive care in-home:
Privately paying for in-home care/aides can cost around $3,000 per month, unaffordable for most Medicare beneficiaries. Basic facts about the Medicare population tell us why. Half of all Medicare beneficiaries live on annual incomes less than $29,650; 25% live on annual incomes below 2 $17,000; 50% have savings less than $73,800; 10% have no saving or are in debt. Data also shows that beneficiaries of advanced age and younger beneficiaries with disabilities have yet lower incomes: Among people ages 65 and older, median per capita income declined steadily with age, dropping from $35,200 between ages 65 to 74 to $22,750 at ages 85 and older. Across the entire Medicare population, median per capita income was considerably lower for beneficiaries under age 65 with permanent disabilities ($19,550) than among seniors. In 2018, about one in seven (15%) of Medicare beneficiaries were under age 65 and generally eligible for Medicare due to a long-term disability. Median income for individuals ages 65 and older was $31,450 per person in 2019, while one in four beneficiaries ages 65 and older had incomes below $18,150. Thus, out-of-pocket health costs, including for in-home care, often pose an access barrier, particularly for beneficiaries in fair or poor health. When Medicare coverage is unavailable or unfairly denied, beneficiaries are often unable to afford the home care they need. This places additional, avoidable stress on the beneficiary, family, and family caregivers. Unable to live safely in the community, it may also lead to preventable health complications, injuries, hospitalizations, and nursing home admissions (citations omitted, emphasis added).
CMA, therefore, made a series of recommendations:
"1. Ensure the scope of current allowable home health benefits, generally, and home health aides, specifically, are actually provided. Simply put, ensure that current law is followed;
2. Create a new stand-alone home health aide benefit that would provide coverage without the current skilled care or homebound requirements, using Medicare’s existing infrastructure as the vehicle for the new coverage; and3. Identify other opportunities for further exploration within and without the Medicare program, including additional Medicare revisions, demonstrations, and initiatives overseen by the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation (CMMI)."
After providing some actual examples, the Brief provides insights into other additions to Medicare that would provide more services to beneficiaries. The conclusion provides that:
"Medicare home health coverage is not being implemented to the full extent of the law. If it were, countless beneficiaries and families would be better off. Nonetheless, at best, the current Medicare benefit leaves far too many patients and caregivers behind. In order to provide quality home-based care for individuals, and support for their caregivers, significant changes are needed to the Medicare program and the broader health insurance system."
The Brief is part of collaborative work to advance the RAISE Family Caregivers Act passed in 2018. The RAISE Act directs the Department of Health and Human Services to develop and maintain a national family caregiver strategy that identifies actions and support for family caregivers in the United States. CMA's issue brief explores the role Medicare does, and could, play in supporting older and disabled beneficiaries and their caregivers. The issue brief was written with support from The John A. Hartford Foundation.
