Estate Tax Planning for 2026 Tax Changes: Modest Estates At Risk?

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The estate tax is a tax on the value of a person’s assets and property at the time of their death. Upon your death, if the total value of your estate is above a certain threshold amount, known as the federal estate tax exemption, the IRS requires your estate to pay the tax before any assets can be passed to your beneficiaries. Under current law, every year this exemption rises with inflation, but in any given year, politicians can change the amount of your coupon.  Worse, the exemption amounts currently in place sunset or expire beginning in 2026.  

In 2024, the federal estate tax exemption is $13.61 million for individuals ($27.22 million for married couples). Simply put, if you die in 2024, and your assets are worth $13.61 million or less, your estate won't owe any federal estate tax. If, however, your estate is worth more than $13.61 million, every dollar more than that will be taxed at a whopping 40% tax rate.

The current $13.61 million estate tax exemption is set to expire on Jan. 1, 2026, and return to its previous level of $5 million, which when adjusted for inflation is expected to be around $7 million.  Of course, we can't know whether Congress will step-in before to change the law, and we can't know if that change will be helpful or harmful to your current estate plan.  

Additionally, there are some inherent variables in your estate plan, in addition to the tax variables.  We don't know (1) when you will die, (2)  how much money you’ll have when you die, (3)  what the estate tax exemption will be when you die, and as importantly (4) how long,  legally or medically, you will be able to plan for yourself or change your estate plan. That’s why it’s so important to work with an attorney who will develop a long-lasting relationship with you and have processes in place to ensure that you are updated when the law changes and put strategies in place to protect your family, regardless of the amount of the estate tax exemption or the value of your assets.

In addition, the state you live in can also have an estate tax, separate and apart from the federal government’s estate tax. Fortunately, both states in which most of my clients reside, Ohio and Missouri, have neither an estate nor inheritance tax. Illinois, a state in which I am admitted to practice, but in which I no longer practice, is one of seventeen states that have an estate or inheritance tax. In Illinois, any amount of your estate over $4 million will be taxed at a graduated rate that goes as high as 16% based upon the 2024 tax rates. Eleven states, and the District of Columbia, have an estate tax, while five states have an inheritance tax, where they tax people who live in their state when they receive an inheritance. Currently, Maryland is the only state in the nation that has both an estate tax and an inheritance tax.

By using various estate planning strategies, you can reduce — or even eliminate all together — your estate tax liability. Some of the strategies are simple, but the more money you have, the more complex they’ll need to become, for example by using irrevocable trusts. Regardless of the method you employ, without question, these strategies can save your family from a massive tax bill, and are therefore well worth it the time and expense necessary to design, draft, and implement them.  I discussed many of these strategies in my previous article, Looking Ahead to 2026- Estate Tax Exemption Sunset and Current Planning Opportunities.

If you’d like to learn more, or need to get a plan in place to save your family from a major tax burden, give us a call.